Overview of Knowledge about CNC Laser Cutting Machine
Buying a CNC laser cutting machine is quite laborious, especially for beginners who are not aware of the technical factors. Prior knowledge of laser cutting machines is a must to choose the right product for your requirements.
In this article, we will share a complete guide to buying a CNC laser cutting machine. We will discuss what it is, its various types, important factors that you need to consider, and everything else you need to know before making a decision.
1.What is a CNC laser cutting machine? How does a CNC laser cutting machine work?
CNC is an abbreviation for Computer Numerical Control, which means any machine is controlled through pre-programmed software or code. That is, the user or operator has to give commands and instructions through diagrams, files, codes, etc., and the machine does the rest on its own.
Specialized languages are used to command CNC, generally known as CNC programming languages, such as G-code. The program is stored in the memory of the machine’s control unit and is executed from there. Any machine with CNC is called a CNC machine. It can be a router, lathe, grinder, laser machine, etc.
Therefore, a CNC laser cutting machine is a laser machine controlled through CNC. The machine has a control unit with pre-programmed software. It automates every aspect of laser cutting.
For laser cutting, you need to provide the machine with a design. The design can be done on the laser cutter’s native software or on design software like Adobe Illustrator, CorelDraw, Inkscape, etc. Then, the design file is converted into a specific format that is compatible with the machine. This file is called a laser cutting file. It contains information about the laser power, speed, and various other settings.
Once the laser cutting file is imported into the CNC laser cutting machine, the software reads the program and converts it into the required language. Based on the design and other instructions, the laser is activated and the movement of the laser module is controlled. The machine does the work as instructed, after which the operator can remove the material or the final product.
Usually small desktop laser cutting machines are also called CNC laser cutting machines. This is because these machines also have a specific circuit board installed on them. They are controlled through software and everything is automated. These desktop or DIY machines can also be used as mini CNC laser cutting machines, which are perfect for small businesses, professional tasks, and DIY projects.
2.Advantages of CNC Laser Cutting
1) Automation
CNC laser cutting machines automate the entire process of cutting materials or objects. From laser movement to laser speed, everything is controlled by the machine. Therefore, the user does not need to do anything after assigning the task to the machine. Having said that, it is very easy to operate and handle CNC laser cutting machines. Most importantly, less manpower is required, so the cost of cutting is greatly reduced.
2) Accuracy and Precision
CNC laser machines are equipped with precision motors that can move the module at a controlled speed. The accuracy can be up to a fraction of a millimeter, so no errors can be detected by the naked eye. The power, speed, and movement of the laser module are all controlled, so you can get fine and accurate results. No matter how many times you try to cut a design, you will get the same result. Even if you cut the same design multiple times, there will be no errors.
It is ideal for cutting vector graphics. You can’t get such accuracy and precision with power tools such as jigsaws or circular saws. Most importantly, laser cutting machines have very fine laser spots that ensure the smallest cut width. Designs and patterns with fine details can be cut.
3) Fast Results
CNC laser cutting machines are much faster than other power tools due to their automation and powerful laser. They save a lot of time. When the laser falls on the material, the temperature rises suddenly. The material turns into steam very quickly.
Hence, the machine is able to cut materials at extremely fast speeds. Some machines even have a cutting speed of 1000 mm/sec, depending on their specifications. You can even cut materials with a thickness of 10-20 mm in a single pass in a matter of seconds, depending on the size. To scale up your business and increase productivity, it is best to switch to CNC laser cutting machines. It not only saves time but also money.
4) Safety
If we consider blade cutting tools, special care and attention are required while operating them. Any mistake can lead to injury. Despite the safety devices and gadgets, safety remains a major concern. This is a big no-no for beginners. On the other hand, CNC laser cutting machines are very safe. No human involvement is required during the cutting process. The laser is covered to block the laser beam and the user also wears safety glasses to protect their eyes.
5) Reduced waste
Laser cutting produces minimal waste. If you use a CNC router, saw, or any other mechanical tool, you will produce a lot of waste. If you are cutting wood, the high temperature of the laser will burn it. There is almost no waste.
The smoke and particles produced after cutting are discharged through the exhaust pipe. You can also connect an air purifier to clean the exhaust gas. Secondly, the size of the laser spot is minimal. Therefore, the cut width is minimal. It not only reduces waste but also saves materials.
6) No wear on materials
When you use mechanical tools (such as saws, planers, etc.) to cut any object, the material will be worn. The cut edge and the remaining material are not as smooth as you want. You need to use sandpaper for finishing.
CNC laser cutting machines do not make physical contact with the object. The laser beam falls on the material and increases its temperature. Since there is no physical contact, there is no wear. You can get an excellent surface effect, and the remaining material can be used later.
3.What materials can CNC laser cut?
It depends on the type of laser you use. ACO2 laser cutting machine is suitable for cutting non-metals. It can cut wood, acrylic, leather, cardboard, fabric, rubber, and a variety of other items.
It is not suitable for metal cutting; however, metals can be engraved or etched using a CO2 laser. The laser beam emitted by a CO2 laser is easily absorbed by non-metals. Therefore, they can be easily cut.
The second option for non-metals is a diode laser cutter. It is an affordable option that can cut different materials such as wood, acrylic, leather, cardboard, rubber, etc. However, a CO2 laser is more versatile because it can be compatible with a wide range of materials.
A fiber laser is the best option for cutting metals. Its laser beam is easily absorbed by a variety of metals. But remember that the laser should be powerful enough.
In addition, not all fiber laser machines can cut metals. They can be used for metal engraving, rust removal, welding, etc. For metal cutting, you need to choose the right machine.
4.Types of CNC laser cutting machines
1) Diode laser
Diode laser cutting machines are powered by a diode module and emit a laser beam with a wavelength of 450-455nm. It is also called a blue laser due to its color. These machines are ideal for DIY purposes, professional work, and small businesses. They can easily cut the non-metals we discussed in the previous section.
Desktop diode cutting lasers can cut 5-20 mm at a time. This is an excellent choice if you want to cut wood and acrylic. But keep in mind that these lasers cannot cut clear and blue acrylic.
2) CO2 Laser
The CO2 laser cutting machine is the next choice after the diode laser machine. It is a bit expensive due to its technology and huge power.
It uses a CO2 laser tube that emits a laser beam. These machines are more powerful than diode lasers. The cutting speed is very fast due to the high power. They are ideal for cutting a variety of non-metals.
CO2 lasers are easily available in desktop and industrial sizes. For small businesses, home use, hobbyists, and DIY purposes, desktop laser machines are more than enough.
3) Fiber Laser
If you want to cut metal, you need a fiber laser machine designed for metal cutting. The power of a fiber laser machine is quite high. For metal cutting, the power should be high, about 1000W or more. They can cut steel, copper, brass, and a variety of other metals.
5.Factors to consider when choosing a CNC laser cutter
Even if you are a beginner, you can get the best CNC laser cutter by considering the following factors. Look at the technical details; these will help you choose the right machine for your needs.
1) Why you need this machine
First, you should be clear about the purpose of buying a CNC laser cutter. This will help you choose the right size of the machine. For example, if you want to start a small business, make some DIY items, or make specialized items/parts for your products, you can choose a small or desktop laser machine. This will be an affordable choice.
Secondly, it is perfect for home use and small shops. You can start a small business from home. For industrial use, large businesses, or mass production, you need an industrial CNC laser cutter. So, depending on the reason for buying a laser machine, you can choose the right size.
2) Types of laser machines
We have discussed three different types of laser machines. They use different technologies and have different uses.
If you want to start a small craft business or make DIY items, a diode laser is a good choice. It is affordable and easy to use.
If you want to cover a wide range of non-metals and cut the material at a good speed, a CO2 laser machine can do the job. You can use a desktop machine at home, in a small shop, or in a garage.
For metal cutting, the only option is a fiber laser. You must decide on the type of laser machine before going further. Depending on the material you want to cut, choose a CO2, diode, or fiber laser.
3) Optical Power and Speed
These are two key specifications of any laser machine that will give you an idea of the power of the machine. You need to look at the optical power of a CNC laser cutting machine. There are other powers mentioned on the machine like machine power and electrical power. But the optical power tells you the power of the laser.
The power of a diode laser can be 10-40W. The higher the power, the better it cuts the material. So it is best to use a diode laser machine of 20W or more for cutting. CO2 lasers are more powerful than diode lasers.
Desktop CO2 lasers typically have a power of 30-60W. They can cut different materials at a good speed. You can also find more powerful CO2 laser machines for industrial use.
Fiber lasers come in a variety of power ranges. But for metal cutting, the power should be over 1,000W. Depending on the thickness that the laser can cut, the power can be large or small. Be sure to check the optical power of the machine to know how much the machine can cut at a time.
The speed of the laser machine is also important because it determines the productivity. Buyers want to have a machine that can cut materials quickly. Be sure to check the cutting speed of the CNC laser cutting machine.
4) Accuracy
CNC laser cutting machines are known for their accuracy. But all machines have different accuracy limits; some are more accurate than others. Check the accuracy of the machine. It is usually within a fraction of a millimeter. The machine should have a solid structure to remain stable and maintain accuracy. Secondly, the motor used in the machine should be of excellent quality.
5) Working Area
The working area of the machine can give you an idea of the size of the object that can be cut. Desktop CNC laser cutting machines have a smaller area but are suitable for a variety of uses. Industrial machines have a large working area and can even cut large sheets of plywood. Don’t forget to check the working area of the machine. It is usually mentioned in the specifications. It will help you buy the right machine according to the object you want to cut.
6) Air Assist and Exhaust
Air assist plays a very important role in laser cutting. It provides a constant airflow that blows smoke and debris away from the cutting area. Therefore, cutting becomes easier and the laser can cut deeper. Secondly, it prevents smoke or burn marks on the material.
You will get a clean surface after cutting. An exhaust system is also required. The smoke, debris and gas produced after cutting should be removed. The exhaust fan exhausts the air from the machine and you can also connect an air purifier. You need to make sure that the CNC laser cutting machine is installed with an air assist and has a proper exhaust system. It will provide good cutting results and keep the environment clean.
7) Safety Features
All laser machines must have safety features. You need to check all the safety features provided by the machine. First, there should be a fire detection system that stops the machine and alerts the user in case of fire or flames.
Since the laser temperature is high and there is a possibility of fire, this safety feature is mandatory. Secondly, the machine should stop automatically when it is tilted or hit. This ensures the safety of children and pets. The machine should be enclosed.
Laser beams are harmful to human eyes, which is why there must be a housing to prevent the laser beam from escaping. Apart from this, there are other safety features like warning systems, air purification, etc.
6.Top 10 Best Selling CNC Laser Cutting Machine Projects
1) Customized Jewelry
CNC laser cutting machines can create incredible custom jewelry. Any type of pattern or design can be made on a variety of materials.
Wooden and laser cut acrylic earrings are very popular and can be customized with any shape, name, pattern, etc. Earrings, pendants, bracelets, rings, etc. can be engraved and cut. You can make these customized jewelry for yourself or friends, or sell them in your online store.
2) Wall Art
With laser cutting, complex wall art can be created quickly. Whether you want to make mandala art, nature art, or anything else, laser machines can cut materials with fine detail.
Single or multi-layered wooden and acrylic wall art can be easily created with these machines. Besides wooden wall art, you can use the machine to make a variety of home decorations and start your own business of customizing and unique decorations.
3) Personalized Gifts
CNC laser cutters can personalize gifts and items. There are countless items you can make and personalize with it, you can engrave any name, design, date, pattern, or anything else. It can even engrave photos on a piece of wood, which is a hot-selling item.
4) Customized Cutting Boards
Customized cutting boards are very popular nowadays, and people love to have them in their kitchens. They can be used for cutting vegetables as well as decorations. Any pattern, quote, or design can be made with a CNC laser machine. They are also a top choice for gift giving.
5) Personalized Signs
CNC laser machines can cut a variety of materials. Personalized signs can be made on acrylic, plywood, and leather. These signs are perfect for businesses, stores, and advertisements. People look for personalized signs for their businesses and special occasions.
6) Customized Jigsaw Puzzles
With CNC laser cutting, you can make custom puzzles with plywood or acrylic. It can be easily cut with laser cutting. For customization, you can create a picture puzzle of any person or pet.
7) Personalized Greeting Cards
Special greeting cards can be made with a laser machine. Laser can cut the design of the card and engrave any text or image. Acrylic cards are very popular and people customize them for their loved ones. These are one of the hot selling items for special occasions like Christmas, Mother’s Day and birthdays.
8) Personalized Keychains
CNC laser cutters can both make keychains from scratch and engrave pre-made keychains. Laser can cut wood, acrylic and leather into the desired shape. After that, you can attach the keychain ring to it. But blank keychains are already available in many varieties. It is better to buy and engrave the name, date and picture on the keychain.
9) Customized Photo Frames
People love to customize photo frames to display their lovely photos. CNC laser cutters can make plywood or acrylic photo frames. There are unlimited designs and options to create unique and attractive photo frames. From small table frames to large wall photo frames, you can make anything.
10) Laser Cut Plant Stands
Wooden plant stands for indoor and outdoor plants can be made using CNC laser cutters. The desired plant stand shape is cut out on plywood and then all the parts are assembled together. These are very popular in online stores.