What are teeth implants made of? Material Secrets
Have you ever wondered, “What are teeth implants made of?” The material selection of teeth implants is directly related to the biocompatibility, mechanical properties and clinical success rate of the implants. This article will give you an in-depth understanding of the materials and material performance requirements of each part of dental implants. I believe that after reading this article, you will no longer be confused about the question “What are teeth implants made of?”
1.What are teeth implants made of – Material classification and characteristics of dental implants
What are teeth implants made of? Currently, the materials used to make teeth implants mainly include metal materials, ceramic materials, carbon materials, polymer materials, polymer materials, etc. Among them, metal materials and ceramic materials have been widely used in the field of dental implants. The following is a detailed analysis:
(1) Metal materials
Metal materials have been widely used in the field of dental implants due to their high strength, rigidity and good processing properties. Commonly used metal and alloy materials include gold, 316L stainless steel (iron-chromium-nickel alloy), cast cobalt-chromium alloy, titanium and titanium alloys, etc.
1) Gold:
It has good biocompatibility and corrosion resistance, but it is expensive and has relatively low mechanical strength.
2) 316L stainless steel:
It has high strength, but poor biocompatibility and is prone to tissue reaction.
3) Cast cobalt-chromium alloy:
It has excellent mechanical properties, but it also has biocompatibility issues.
4) Titanium and titanium alloys:
Titanium metal has a light specific gravity, high strength, no magnetism, low shrinkage, stable chemical properties, excellent corrosion resistance and compatibility with tissues. It is currently the most commonly used implant material. Pure titanium is purer than titanium alloys and is easier to integrate with tissues, but its mechanical properties are relatively weak. Titanium alloys further improve their mechanical properties by adding other elements (such as aluminum, vanadium, etc.).
(2) Ceramic materials
Ceramic materials also occupy an important position in the field of oral implants due to their excellent biocompatibility, mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. Commonly used ceramic materials include bioinert ceramics (such as zirconia ceramics), bioactive ceramics (such as hydroxyapatite ceramics) and biodegradable ceramics.
1) Zirconia ceramics:
Not only do they have excellent mechanical properties, but they also show good stability and wear resistance in the oral environment. However, ceramic materials are brittle and easy to break, which limits their wide application in implants. Despite this, the long-term effects of zirconia ceramics are still worthy of attention.
2) Hydroxyapatite ceramics:
They have good bioactivity and osteoconductivity and can form a strong bond with bone tissue, but their mechanical strength is relatively low.
3) Biodegradable ceramics:
They can gradually degrade in the body and be replaced by new bone tissue, but the degradation rate is difficult to control.
(3) Carbon materials
Carbon materials have high stability in the body and are not easily biodegraded, but they are brittle, black in color, and their scope of use is limited. Commonly used carbon materials include glassy carbon and low-temperature isotropic carbon.
(4) Polymer materials
Some polymer materials have a chemical structure similar to natural polymers in the human body, but are easily degraded by organisms and irritate organisms. Common polymer materials include acrylates and polytetrafluoroethylene.
(5) Polymer materials
Composite materials combine two or more materials to complement each other and improve performance. Common composite materials include carbon-coated metal composites and porous-coated alumina materials.
2.What are teeth implants made of? Material performance requirements for dental implants
Ideal teeth implant materials should have the following properties:
(1) Good biological properties
1) Tissue compatibility:
It refers to the good affinity of the material with the body’s soft and hard tissues and body fluids after implantation, without causing adverse reactions.
2) Biomechanical compatibility:
The mechanical properties of the material (such as elastic modulus and other parameters) are similar to those of bone tissue to avoid excessive stress concentration at the interface with bone tissue when the implant is subjected to force.
(2) Good mechanical properties
1) Strength:
The implant can bear static and dynamic chewing bite forces and will not break, deform or wear during long-term use.
2) Hardness:
The implant should have sufficient hardness to resist wear during chewing.
3) Toughness:
The implant should have a certain toughness to prevent breakage when impacted.
(3) Good processing and forming performance
1) Machinability:
The implant material should have good processing performance and be able to meet the needs of morphological design.
2) Surface finish:
The implant surface should be smooth to reduce bacterial adhesion and inflammatory response.
(4) Good resistance to disinfection and sterilization
Resistance to disinfection:
The implant must be strictly disinfected and sterilized before implantation. Therefore, the implant material used is required not to be denatured due to high pressure, high temperature, immersion fumigation of various disinfectant liquids and gases, ultraviolet rays and gamma rays.
3.What are teeth implants made of? – Components and functions of teeth implants
Dental implants are a key component of modern dental restoration technology and are used to replace missing tooth roots. They are composed of multiple parts, each of which plays a key role. The following are the main components of dental implants and their respective functions:
(1) Body:
1) Definition:
The body is the key part for obtaining support, retention and stability when the dental implant is implanted in the oral tissue.
2) Function:
The body is implanted in the jawbone to simulate the function of the natural tooth root and provide a stable foundation for the installation of the restoration. Depending on the implantation location, the body can be divided into a scaffold (in the form of a mesh) implanted in the soft tissue and an implant or fixed post (also known as an intraosseous segment) implanted in the bone.
3) Material:
Usually made of titanium metal because of its good bonding and biocompatibility with bone tissue.
(2) Abutment:
1) Definition:
The abutment is the carrier that connects the upper denture to the implant.
2) Function:
The base post is located at the top of the implant, organically combining the upper denture with the implant. The base post provides a stable base for the upper restoration, ensuring the stability and function of the restoration.
3) Material:
It can be titanium alloy, zirconium alloy, etc.
(3) Healing cap:
1) Definition:
The healing cap is also called the covering screw, which is screwed into and fixed on the implant body through a thread.
2) Function:
The healing cap is mainly used to temporarily cover the hole where the body and the base post are connected, to protect the implant during the healing period after implantation, to prevent foreign substances from entering the implant and affecting the healing process.
(4) Gingival former:
1) Definition:
Gingival former is also called the healing base.
2) Function:
During dental implant surgery, the gingival former can help shape the gingival tissue, prevent soft tissue from squeezing between the base post and the body, and avoid soft tissue necrosis and infection. It helps to form a healthy gingival structure around the implant, providing good conditions for subsequent restoration installation.
(5) Hygienic cap:
1) Definition:
The hygienic cap is the screw at the top of the base pile.
2) Function:
The hygienic cap plays a protective role before the base pile is installed and the upper denture is not installed, preventing food residues from entering the screw inside the base pile, thereby avoiding oral diseases.
(5) Central bolt:
1) Definition:
The central bolt, also known as the central screw, is a rod-shaped screw that penetrates the base pile and connects it to the body as a whole.
2) Function:
The central bolt is mainly used to fix the base pile and the body to ensure the stability and integrity of the implant structure.
Summary:
In summary, dental implants achieve functions and appearance similar to natural teeth through the coordinated cooperation of various components, providing patients with missing teeth with a long-lasting and comfortable solution.
4.Conclusion
In summary, this article systematically answers the question of “what are teeth implants made of”. There are many types of materials used to make dental implants, and each material has its own unique advantages and disadvantages. When choosing implant materials, doctors need to comprehensively consider the patient’s oral condition, economic conditions, aesthetic needs, as well as the mechanical properties and biocompatibility of the implant in order to achieve the best treatment effect.